Parity results concerning the generalized divisor function involving small prime factors of integers

Abstract

Let $\nu_y(n)$ denote the number of distinct prime factors of $n$ that are $<y$. For $k$ a positive integer, and for $k+2\leq y\leq x$, let $S_{-k}(x,y)$ denote the sum \begin{eqnarray*} S_{-k}(x,y):=\sum_{n\leq x}(-k)^{\nu_y(n)}. \end{eqnarray*} In this paper, we describe our recent results on the asymptotic behavior of $S_{-k}(x,y)$ for $k+2\leq y\leq x$, and $x$ sufficiently large. There is a crucial difference in the asymptotic behavior of $S_{-k}(x,y)$ when $k+1$ is a prime and $k+1$ is composite, and this makes the problem particularly interesting. The results are derived utilizing a combination of the Buchstab-de Bruijn recurrence, the Perron contour integral method, and certain difference-differential equations. We present a summary of our results against the background of earlier work of the first author on sums of the M\"{o}bius function over integers with restricted prime factors and on a multiplicative generalization of the sieve.