Linear fluctuation of interfaces in Glauber-Kawasaki dynamics

Abstract

In this article, we find a scaling limit of the space-time mass fluctuation field of Glauber + Kawasaki particle dynamics around its hydrodynamic mean curvature interface limit. Here, the Glauber rates are scaled by $K=K_N$, the Kawasaki rates by $N^2$ and space by $1/N$. We start the process so that the interface $\Gamma_t$ formed is stationary that is, $\Gamma_t$ is `flat'. When the Glauber rates are balanced on $T^d$, $\Gamma_t=\Gamma=\{x: x_1=0\}$ is immobile and the hydrodynamic limit is given by $\rho(t,v) = \rho_+$ for $v_1\in (0,1/2)$ and $\rho(t,v)= \rho_-$ for $v_1\in (-1/2,0)$ for all $t\ge 0$, where $v=(v_1,\ldots,v_d)\in T^d$ identified with $[-1/2,1/2)^d$. Since in the formation the boundary region about the interface has width $O(1/\sqrt{K_N})$, we will scale the $v_1$ coordinate in the fluctuation field by $\sqrt{K_N}$ so that the scaling limit will capture information `near' the interface. We identify the fluctuation limit as a Gaussian field when $K_N\uparrow \infty$ and $K_N= O(\sqrt{\log(N)})$ in $d\leq 2$. In the one dimensional case, the field limit is given by ${\bf e}(v_1) B_t$ where $B_t$ is a Brownian motion and ${\bf e}$ is the normalized derivative of a decreasing `standing wave' solution $\phi$ of $\partial^2_{v_1} \phi - V'(\phi)=0$ on $R$, where $V'$ is the homogenization of the Glauber rates. In two dimensions, the limit is ${\bf e}(v_1)Z_t(v_2)$ where $Z_t$ is the solution of a one dimensional stochastic heat equation. The appearance of the function ${\bf e}(\cdot)$ in the limit field indicates that the interface fluctuation retains the shape of the transition layer $\phi$.