X-ray polarization of the magnetar 1E 1841-045

Abstract

We report on IXPE and NuSTAR observations beginning forty days after the 2024 outburst onset of magnetar 1E 1841-045, marking the first IXPE observation of a magnetar in an enhanced state. Our spectropolarimetric analysis indicates that both a blackbody (BB) plus double power-law (PL) and a double blackbody plus power-law spectral model fit the phase-averaged intensity data well, with a hard PL tail ($\Gamma$=1.19 and 1.35, respectively) dominating above $\approx 5$ keV. For the former model, we find the soft PL (the dominant component at soft energies) exhibits a polarization degree (PD) of $\approx 30\%$ while the hard PL displays a PD of $\approx 40\%$. Similarly, the cool BB of the 2BB+PL model possesses a PD of $\approx 15\%$ and a hard PL PD of $\approx 57\%$. For both models, each component has a polarization angle (PA) compatible with celestial north. Model-independent polarization analysis supports these results, wherein the PD increases from$ \approx 15\%$ to $\approx 70\%$ in the 2-3 keV and 6-8 keV ranges, respectively, while the PA remains nearly constant. We find marginal evidence for phase-dependent variability of the polarization properties, namely a higher PD at phases coinciding with the hard X-ray pulse peak. We compare the hard X-ray PL to the expectation from resonant inverse Compton scattering (RICS) and secondary pair cascade synchrotron radiation from primary high-energy RICS photons; both present reasonable spectropolarimetric agreement with the data, albeit, the latter more naturally. We suggest that the soft PL X-ray component may originate from a Comptonized corona in the inner magnetosphere.