Generalizations of four hyperbolic-type metrics and Gromov hyperbolicity

Abstract

We study in the setting of a metric space $\left( X,d\right) $ some generalizations of four hyperbolic-type metrics defined on open sets $G$ with nonempty boundary in the $n-$dimensional Euclidean space, namely Gehring-Osgood metric, Dovgoshey- Hariri-Vuorinen metric, Nikolov-Andreev metric and Ibragimov metric. In the definitions of these generalizations, the boundary $\partial G$ of $G$ and the distance from a point $x$ of $G$ to $\partial G$ are replaced by a nonempty proper closed subset $M$ of $X$ and by a $1-$Lipschitz function positive on $X\setminus M$, respectively. For each generalization $\rho $ of the hyperbolic-type metrics mentioned above we prove that $\left( X\setminus M,\rho \right) $ is a Gromov hyperbolic space and that the identity map between $\left( X\setminus M,d\right) $ and $% \left( X\setminus M,\rho \right) $ is quasiconformal. For the Gehring-Osgood metric and the Nikolov-Andreev metric we improve the Gromov constants known from the literature. For Ibragimov metric the Gromov hyperbolicity is obtained even if we replace the distance from a point $x$ to $\partial G$ by any positive function on $X\setminus M$