Nonradial stability of self-similar blowup to Keller-Segel equation in three dimensions

Abstract

In three dimensions, the parabolic-elliptic Keller-Segel system exhibits a rich variety of singularity formations. Notably, it admits an explicit self-similar blow-up solution whose radial stability, conjectured more than two decades ago in [Brenner-Constantin-Kadanoff-Schenkel-Venkataramani, 1999], was recently confirmed by [Glogi\'c-Sch\"orkhuber, 2024]. This paper aims to extend the radial stability to the nonradial setting, building on the finite-codimensional stability analysis in our previous work [Li-Zhou, 2024]. The main input is the mode stability of the linearized operator, whose nonlocal nature presents essential challenges for the spectral analysis. Besides a quantitative perturbative analysis for the high spherical classes, we adapt in the first spherical class the wave operator method of [Li-Wei-Zhang, 2020] for the fluid stability to localize the operator and remove the known unstable mode simultaneously. Our method provides localization beyond the partial mass variable and is independent of the explicit formula of the profile, so it potentially sheds light on other linear nonlocal problems.