Scotoseesaw mechanism from a $Z_3$ symmetry of matter

Abstract

We show that the neutrino mass generation and the dark matter stability can be governed by the center of the QCD group, which is a $Z_3$ group. Three right-handed neutrinos $N_{1,2,3R}$ transform under $Z_3$ as $1,w,w^2$, where $w=e^{i2\pi/3}$ is the cube root of unity, and they couple to usual lepton doublets via the usual Higgs doublet $H$ and two new scalar doublets $\eta,\chi$, which transform under $Z_3$ as $1,w^2,w$, respectively. This leads to a scotoseesaw mechanism in which the seesaw and scotogenic neutrino mass generations are induced by the Majorana $N_{1R}$ mass and the Dirac $N_{2,3R}$ mass, respectively. Although the lightest of the $Z_3$ fields is stabilized, responsible for dark matter, the model lacks an explanation for relic density and/or direct detection. The issue can be solved in a $U(1)_{B-L}$ gauge completion of the model, for which the center of the QCD group is isomorphic to $Z_3=\{1,T,T^2\}$ for $T=w^{3(B-L)}$.