High-quality electron beam generation from laser wakefield accelerators for driving compact free electron lasers

Abstract

Despite the successful demonstration of compact free electron lasers (FELs) driven by laser wakefield accelerators (LWFAs), the pursuit of further enhancements in high-gain compact FELs presents a challenge due to the limitations in electron beam quality. In this work, we pinpoint the pivotal physics and optimization strategies for high-quality single-stage LWFAs that are crucial for high-gain FELs. We have delved into the synergistic injection mechanism, where the self-evolution injection threshold is far from reached at the injection position, with both the shock front and self-evolution of the laser playing a role in the injection process. A thorough discussion has been provided on the beam-quality degradation and optimization strategies, in terms of global (slice) energy spread and projected (slice) emittance. With the goal of achieving high-gain FELs driven by LWFAs, we have also explored the synthesis quality of the electron beam to determine an optimized power gain length. A comprehensive start-to-end simulation has been conducted, demonstrating the effectiveness of compact FELs powered by these high-quality electron beams. The resulting radiation reaches the saturation regime after a 4.5-meter-long undulator, with an energy of 17.4 {\mu}J and a power of 6.0 GW at a wavelength of 23.9 nm. This proposed scheme offers not only a framework for optimizing beam quality in LWFAs, but also a promising path for future compact LWFA-driven FELs to achieve saturated regimes, opening up new possibilities for widespread applications.