Probing new light scalars with the lepton anomalous magnetic moment and the weak equivalence principle violation

Abstract

A new scalar particle with generic couplings to the standard-model particles is a possible source for the lepton anomalous magnetic moment and the violation of the weak equivalence principle. Here, one-loop contributions to the lepton anomalous magnetic moment, involving the scalar-photon and scalar-lepton couplings, are calculated. Then, employing the recent experimental results of the electron anomalous magnetic moment, the muon anomalous magnetic moment, and the MICROSCOPE mission, we find the improved constraints on scalar-lepton and scalar-photon couplings: $|\lambda_e|\leq 6.0 \times 10^{-6}$, $|\lambda_\mu|\leq 3.5\times 10^{-4}$, and $|\lambda_\gamma|\leq 4.5 \times 10^{-13}$ ${\rm eV^{-1}}$ for scalar mass below $10^4$ eV. We find that the naive scaling relationship between the scalar-muon coupling and the scalar-electron coupling is favored by three experimental results. Furthermore, the minimal standard-model extension by one scalar is also favored by all three experiments, and the model parameter is constrained best to $|\mathcal{A}|\leq 1.7 \times 10^{-11}$ eV for $m_{\phi}< 10^{-13}$ eV.