Optical Wireless Ether: Enabling Controlled Dynamic Signal Propagation in OWC Systems

Abstract

Optical wireless communication (OWC) leverages the terahertz-scale optical spectrum to enable ultra-fast data transfer, offering a compelling alternative to often-congested radio frequency systems. However, the highly directional nature of optical signals and their susceptibility to obstruction inherently limit coverage and reliability, particularly in dynamic indoor environments. To overcome these limitations, we propose optical wireless ether (OWE), a novel framework that transforms indoor spaces into a dynamically controllable optical propagation medium. OWE employs a distributed network of ether amplifiers (EAs), which act as optical amplifiers with programmable gain values to extend coverage through diffuse reflections while compensating for signal attenuation. A key challenge in OWE is preventing amplifier saturation from feedback loops. We rigorously derive stability constraints to guarantee system robustness. Beyond coverage extension, OWE dynamically adjusts EA gains in response to user locations and channel conditions, enhancing signal-to-noise ratio, balancing resource allocation, and suppressing interference. As the first framework to harness diffuse reflection for controllable optical propagation, we validate OWE's effectiveness through analytical modeling, simulations, and prototyping. Our work lays the foundation for robust, high-speed indoor OWC networks.