Memristor-Based Meta-Learning for Fast mmWave Beam Prediction in Non-Stationary Environments

Abstract

Traditional machine learning techniques have achieved great success in improving data-rate performance and reducing latency in millimeter wave (mmWave) communications. However, these methods still face two key challenges: (i) their reliance on large-scale paired data for model training and tuning, which limits performance gains and makes beam predictions outdated, especially in multi-user mmWave systems with larg antenna arrays, and (ii) meta-learning (ML)-based beamforming solutions are prone to overfitting when trained on a limited number of tasks. To address these challenges, we first propose a memristor-based meta-learning (M-ML) framework to expedite spatial and temporal domain beam prediction. Notably, the M-ML framework generates optimal initialization parameters during the training phase, providing a strong starting point for adapting to unknown environments during the testing phase. By leveraging memory to store key data, M-ML ensures the predicted beamforming vectors are well-suited to episodically dynamic channel distributions, even when testing and training environments do not align. Afterwards, we propose a Gaussian noise-based regularized meta-learning framework to model the uncertainty in the training data and improve its stability and accuracy in complex environments. Simulation results manifest that our approaches deliver high prediction accuracy in new environments, without relying on large datasets. Moreover, M-ML enhances the model's generalization ability and adaptability.