Colloquium: Hadron Production in Open-charm Meson Pair at $e^+e^-$ Collider

Abstract

The standard model of particle physics is a well-established theoretical framework, yet several unresolved issues remain that warrant further experimental and theoretical exploration. In the realm of quark physics, these issues include understanding the nature of quark confinement and elucidating the mechanism linking quarks and gluons to strongly interacting particles within the standard model theory, which may offer insights into the underlying physics mechanisms. These issues inquiries can be addressed through the study of hadrons produced at $e^+e^-$ collisions and decaying to open-charm meson pairs utilizing the capabilities of {\it BABAR}, Belle, BESIII, and CLEO-c experiments, which have yielded valuable insights into nonstandard hadrons in recent decades. This Colloquium examines the contributions of $e^+e^-$ colliders from the {\it BABAR}, Belle, BESIII, and CLEO-c experiments to such studies in the past two decades and discusses future prospects for $e^+e^-$ collider experiments.