Birkhoff sections in 3-manifold with invariant toric foliation

Abstract

In this paper, we study the Birkhoff sections in a 3-manifold foliated by invariant tori. We establish the necessary and sufficient conditions for various types of periodic orbits to serve as boundary orbits of a Birkhoff section. The construction relies on the dynamical behaviour of the flow combined with fundamental topological argument. As an application, we study the boundaries of toric domains and the energy hypersurfaces of separable Hamiltonian systems, providing conditions for the existence or non-existence of different types of Birkhoff sections. Additionally, we offer an alternative proof of part of the results presented in [23] and [14].