Evidence for magnetic crystallization waves at the surface of 3He crystal
Abstract
Ultralow temperature crystals of the helium isotopes 3He and 4He are intriguing quantum systems. Deciphering the complex features of these unusual materials has been made possible in large part by Alexander Andreev's groundbreaking research. In 1978, Andreev and Alexander Parshin predicted the existence of melting/freezing waves at the surface of a solid 4He crystal, which was subsequently promptly detected. Successively, for the fermionic 3He superfluid/solid interface, even more intricate crystallization waves were anticipated, although they have not been observed experimentally so far. In this work, we provide preliminary results on 3He crystals at the temperature T = 0.41\;mK, supporting the existence of spin supercurrents in the melting/freezing waves on the crystal surface below the antiferromagnetic ordering temperature TN= 0.93\;mK, as predicted by Andreev. The spin currents that accompany such a melting-freezing wave make it a unique object, in which the inertial mass is distinctly different from the gravitational mass.
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