Multi-Cell Coordinated Beamforming for Integrate Communication and Multi-TMT Localization

Abstract

This paper investigates integrated localization and communication in a multi-cell system and proposes a coordinated beamforming algorithm to enhance target localization accuracy while preserving communication performance. Within this integrated sensing and communication (ISAC) system, the Cramer-Rao lower bound (CRLB) is adopted to quantify the accuracy of target localization, with its closed-form expression derived for the first time. It is shown that the nuisance parameters can be disregarded without impacting the CRLB of time of arrival (TOA)-based target localization. Capitalizing on the derived CRLB, we formulate a nonconvex coordinated beamforming problem to minimize the CRLB while satisfying signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) constraints in communication. To facilitate the development of solution, we reformulate the original problem into a more tractable form and solve it through semi-definite programming (SDP). Notably, we show that the proposed algorithm can always obtain rank-one global optimal solutions under mild conditions. Finally, numerical results demonstrate the superiority of the proposed algorithm over benchmark algorithms and reveal the performance trade-off between localization accuracy and communication SINR.