Infinitely many self-similar blow-up profiles for the Keller-Segel system in dimensions 3 to 9

Abstract

Based on the method of matched asymptotic expansions and Banach fixed point theorem, we rigorously construct infinitely many self-similar blow-up profiles for the parabolic-elliptic Keller-Segel system \begin{equation*} \left\{\begin{array}{l} \partial_{t} u=\Delta u-\nabla \cdot\left(u \nabla \Phi_{u}\right), \\ 0=\Delta \Phi_{u}+u,\\ u(\cdot,0)=u_0 \geq 0 \end{array}\quad \text{in}\ \mathbb{R}^{d},\right. \end{equation*} where $d\in \{3,\cdots,9\}$. Our findings demonstrate that the infinitely many backward self-similar profiles approximate the rescaling radial steady-state near the origin (i.e. $0<|x|\ll1$) and $\frac{2(d-2)}{|x|^2}$ at spatial infinity (i.e. $|x|\gg1$). We also establish the convergence of the self-similar blow-up solutions as time tends to the blow-up time $T>0$. Our results can give a refined description of backward self-similar profiles for all $|x|\geq 0$ rather than for $0<|x|\ll1$ or $|x|\gg1$, indicating that the blow-up point is the origin and $$ u(x,t)\sim \frac{1}{|x|^2},\ \ \ x\ne0,\ \text{as}\ t\to T. $$