Symmetry-Preserving Finite-Difference Schemes and Auto-B\"acklund Transformations for the Schwarz Equation

Abstract

It is demonstrated that one of the equations from the Lie classification list of second-order ODEs is a first integral of the Schwarz equation. As symmetry-preserving finite-difference schemes have been previously constructed for both equations, the preservation of a similar connection between these schemes is studied. It is shown that the schemes for the Schwarz equation and the second-order ODE (with an arbitrary constant $C$) can be related through a B\"acklund-type difference transformation. In addition, previously unexamined aspects of the difference scheme for the second-order ODE are discussed, including its singular solution and the complete set of difference first integrals for the case $C^2=4$.