Light communicative materials

Abstract

The natural interactive materials under far-from-equilibrium conditions have significantly inspired advances in synthetic biomimetic materials. In artificial systems, gradient diffusion serves as the primary means of interaction between individuals, lacking directionality, sufficient interaction ranges and transmission rates. Here, we present a method for constructing highly directed, communicative structures via optical feedback in light responsive materials. We showcase a photomechanical operator system comprising a baffle and a soft actuator. Positive and negative operators are configured to induce light-triggered deformations, alternately interrupting the passage of two light beams in a closed feedback loop. The fundamental functionalities of this optically interconnected material loop include homeostasis-like self-oscillation and signal transmission from one material to another via light. Refinements in alignment facilitate remote sensing, fiber-optic/long-distance communication, and adaptation. These proof-of-concept demonstrations outline a versatile design framework for light-mediated communication among responsive materials, with broad applicability across diverse materials.