The lens mass in the Einstein ring JWST-ER1

Abstract

JWST has made several surprising discoveries, underscored by the `too early' appearance of well-formed galaxies and supermassive black holes. It recently also uncovered a compact galaxy (JWST-ER1g) associated with a complete Einstein ring (JWST-ER1r) at photometric redshift $z_l=1.94^{+0.13}_{-0.17}$, produced by a lensed galaxy at $z_s=2.98^{+0.42}_{-0.47}$. In two independent studies, this system ($M_{\rm lens}\sim 6.5\times 10^{11}\;M_\odot$) has yielded different conclusions concerning whether or not it requires an unexpected contribution of mass from sources other than stars and fiducial dark matter. The different redshift inferred by these two analysis for the lensed galaxy appears to be the culprit. In this paper, we examine the impact of the background cosmology on our interpretation of the JWST data. We compare the measured characteristics of JWST-ER1 in flat-$\Lambda$CDM with those emerging in the context of $R_{\rm h}=ct$. We show that, unlike the latter model's mitigation of the tension created by JWST's other discoveries, neither cosmology is favored by this particular Einstein ring. The disparity is common to both models, leaving open the question of whether a new type of mass, or a modified initial mass function, may be present in this source.