CARDS: A collection of package, revision, and miscellaneous dependency graphs

Abstract

CARDS (Corpus of Acyclic Repositories and Dependency Systems) is a collection of directed graphs which express dependency relations, extracted from diverse real-world sources such as package managers, version control systems, and event graphs. Each graph contains anywhere from thousands to hundreds of millions of nodes and edges, which are normalized into a simple, unified format. Both cyclic and acyclic variants are included (as some graphs, such as citation networks, are not entirely acyclic). The dataset is suitable for studying the structure of different kinds of dependencies, enabling the characterization and distinction of various dependency graph types. It has been utilized for developing and testing efficient algorithms which leverage the specificities of source version control graphs. The collection is publicly available at doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14245890.