Deconfined Gapless phases and criticalities in Shastry-Sutherland Antiferromagnet

Abstract

Antiferromagnets on the Shastry-Sutherland lattice have attracted lots of research interest due to the possible existence of deconfined criticality. In the present work, we study the $J_1$-$J_2$-$J_r$ model using Variational Monte Carlo (VMC) method, where $J_1$, $J_2$, $J_r$ stand for the nearest-neighbor, next nearest neighbor and ring exchange interactions respectively. An empty plaquette (EP) phase with spontaneous mirror symmetry breaking is reproduced. However, the EP phase in the VMC approach is $Z_2$ deconfined and have Majorana-type gapless spinon excitations, which is qualitatively different from the EP phase in literature. The central observation of the present study is the gapless $Z_2$ Quantum spin liquid phase resulting from the competition between the EP phase, the full plaquette (FP) phase and the antiferromagnetic N\'eel phase. While the phase transition from the $Z_2$ QSL phase to the EP phase is likely of Landau-Ginzburg type, the continuous transitions to the confined FP and N\'eel phases are exotic and need to be further explored.