Conditions for Time-Independence of N-level Systems under the Rotating Wave Approximation (RWA) and Dipole Selection Rules

Abstract

We analyze the time-dependence of N-level systems under the Rotating Wave Approximation and dipole selection rules. Such systems can be solved straightforwardly if the Hamiltonian can be transformed into a time-independent form. The conditions under which a unitary transformation can be used to render time-dependent Hamiltonians into a time-independent form, thereby making the solution, are examined. After case-by-case analysis of different four and five-level systems, we conclude that systems having only one odd or even parity level achieve time-independence. In contrast, the others must satisfy a condition of laser detuning to achieve time-independence.