USE-LFA: A Data-Driven Framework for UAM Site Evaluation using Latent Factor Analysis

Abstract

Urban air mobility (UAM) introduces new challenges for infrastructure planning, requiring data driven approaches for sustainable site selection. This study proposes USE-LFA (Urban Site Evaluation using Latent Factor Analysis), a framework designed to support equitable and environmentally conscious siting of urban ports. Applying latent factor analysis to 25 urban attributes in Seoul, the framework identifies six latent factors, grouped into two dimensions: Suitability and Attractiveness. These dimensions are combined through a tunable prioritization metric, enabling alignment with local strategic goals. The analysis uncovers spatial typologies and clustered siting patterns, highlighting regional disparities in site potential. Sensitivity analysis demonstrates that small adjustments in the Suitability Attractiveness weighting substantially affect viable site candidates, emphasizing the need for calibrated decision-making. USE-LFA facilitates interpretable and transferable analysis across different urban contexts and datasets, offering a scalable approach to integrating UAM and other emerging mobility systems into urban environments, while advancing sustainable and inclusive transport infrastructure development.