Compressible N-phase fluid mixture models

Abstract

Fluid mixture models are essential for describing a wide range of physical phenomena, including wave dynamics and spinodal decomposition. However, there is a lack of consensus in the modeling of compressible mixtures, with limited connections between different classes of models. On the one hand, existing compressible two-phase flow models accurately describe wave dynamics, but do not incorporate phase separation mechanisms. On the other hand, phase-field technology in fluid dynamics consists of models incorporating spinodal decomposition, however, a general phase-field theory for compressible mixtures remains largely undeveloped. In this paper, we take an initial step toward bridging the gap between compressible two-phase flow models and phase-field models by developing a theory for compressible, isothermal N-phase mixtures. Our theory establishes a system of reduced complexity by formulating N mass balance laws alongside a single momentum balance law, thereby naturally extending the Navier-Stokes Korteweg model to N-phases and providing the Navier-Stokes Cahn-Hilliard/Allen-Cahn model for compressible mixtures. Key aspects of the framework include its grounding in continuum mixture theory and its preservation of thermodynamic consistency despite its reduced complexity.