Logarithmic $A$-hypergeometric series ${\textrm I}\! {\textrm I}\! {\textrm I}$

Abstract

This paper is the third in a series exploring Frobenius's method for $A$-hypergeometric systems. Frobenius's method is a classical technique for constructing logarithmic series solutions of differential equations by perturbing exponents of generic series solutions. We show that all $A$-hypergeometric series solutions can be obtained via this method. Building upon our prior studies, we develop a duality framework between formal power series and differential operators, introduce minimal vectors with respect to a generic weight, and establish key results on logarithmic coefficients of $A$-hypergeometric series. We extend Frobenius's method and prove its sufficiency in constructing all $A$-hypergeometric series solutions. Furthermore, we explore conditions under which the Frobenius method developed in our previous studies suffices and we pose an open question on the necessity of the extended one.