Quantum-Secured Device-Independent Global Positioning System

Abstract

This paper introduces a novel device-independent quantum self-testing protocol designed specifically for multipartite quantum communication. By exploiting the quantum rigidity in Bell nonlocality, the protocol enables the certification of genuinely entangled subspaces without reliance on device assumptions. Additionally, we investigate its potential to enhance the security of the Global Positioning System (GPS) against malicious cyberattacks. The study concludes with a comprehensive analysis of the experimental requirements, comparing superconducting and trapped-ion qubit architectures in terms of full-circuit fidelity and total gate time for generating a five-qubit code in the context of the noisy intermediate-scale quantum (NISQ) era.