Stiffness, strength, energy dissipation and reusability in heterogeneous architected polycrystals

Abstract

We design, fabricate and test heterogeneous architected polycrystals, composed of hard plastomers and soft elastomers, which thus show outstanding mechanical resilience and energy dissipation simultaneously. Grain boundaries that separate randomly oriented single crystalline grains is carefully designed, first enabling coherent connectivity and strength in the grain boundary regions throughout the polycrystalline network. By combining experiments and numerical simulations on 3D-printed prototypes, we show that the interplay between grain interiors and grain boundaries is responsible for the grain-size effects emerging in these architected materials, analogous to those in their atomic or metallic counterparts. Furthermore, direct visualization of inter- and intra-grain deformation and failure mechanisms at the macroscopic scale reveals that crystallographic texture throughout the polycrystalline aggregates plays a fundamental role in the key mechanical features in our new heterogeneous polycrystals. Our results show that the engineered grain boundary and crystallographic texture not only modify the highly resilient yet dissipative global responses but also critically influence reusability in this new class of architected materials.