Quantum Fisher Information and the Curvature of Entanglement

Abstract

We explore the relationship between quantum Fisher information (QFI) and the negative of the second derivative of concurrence with respect to the coupling between two qubits, referred to as the curvature of entanglement (CoE). The two-qubit system serves as a minimal model to study the connection between QFI and dynamically generated entanglement in scenarios where the measured quantity is a two- or many-body coupling strength. We analyze in detail the pure-state lossless case for which general results can be inferred and we also consider a simple interaction Hamiltonian in the case of one form of loss applied to the qubits. For a two-qubit quantum probe used to estimate the coupling constant appearing in the interaction Hamiltonian we show, for certain initial conditions, that there are times such that CoE = QFI. These times can be associated with the concurrence, viewed as a function of the coupling parameter, being a maximum. We examine the time evolution of the concurrence of the eigenstates of the symmetric logarithmic derivative (SLD). Measurements using the SLD eigenstates as basis are optimal for saturating the quantum Cramer bound. We show that, for several families of initially separable and initially entangled states, the SLD eigenstates are simple product states when CoE = QFI.