Skyrmion Bubbles by Design in a Centrosymmetric Kagome Magnet

Abstract

Topologically protected nanoscale spin textures, such as magnetic skyrmions, have attracted significant interest for spintronics applications. While skyrmions in noncentrosymmetric materials are known to be stabilized by Dzyaloshinskii$-$Moriya interaction (DMI), their deliberate design in centrosymmetric materials remains a challenge. This difficulty largely stems from the complexity of controlling magnetocrystalline anisotropy $-$ a critical factor in the absence of DMI. Here, we demonstrate the chemical tuning of magnetocrystalline anisotropy in the centrosymmetric Kagome magnet TmMn$_6$Sn$_6$. The resulting compound exhibits a spin reorientation transition accompanied by an emergent skyrmion bubble lattice, confirmed by Lorentz transmission electron microscopy. Our findings overcome a key materials design challenge and open possibilities for deliberate design of skyrmionic textures in centrosymmetric systems.