WKB energy levels in gapped graphene under crossed electromagnetic fields

Abstract

We consider a single layer of graphene subjected to a magnetic field $H$ applied perpendicular to the layer and an in-plane constant radial electric field $E$. The Dirac equation for this configuration does not admit analytical solutions in terms of known special functions. Using the WKB approximation, we demonstrate that for gapped graphene the Bohr-Sommerfeld quantization condition for eigenenergies includes an additional valley-dependent geometrical phase. When this term is accounted for, the WKB approximation exhibits good agreement with results from the exact diagonalization method except to the lowest Landau level.