Finiteness theorems for some representations of $\mathrm{GL}_3$

Abstract

Let $n \geq 2$ be an integer and let $K$ be a number field with ring of integers $\mathcal{O}_K$. We prove that the set of ternary $n$-ic forms with coefficients in $\mathcal{O}_K$ and fixed nonzero discriminant, breaks up into finitely many $\mathrm{GL}_3(\mathcal{O}_K)$-orbits. This generalizes a result of Birch--Merriman in the binary forms case. We also prove a similar finiteness result on the $\mathrm{GL}_3(\mathcal{O}_K)$-orbits of the 27-dimensional representation of $\mathrm{GL}_3$ with highest weight $(4, 2)$.