A unified finiteness theorem for curves

Abstract

We study the arithmetic of Galois-invariant sets of points on algebraic curves with controlled reduction behavior. Let $C$ be a smooth projective curve with a smooth proper model $\mathcal{C}$ over $\mathcal{O}_{K,S}$. We define $\Omega_n$ as the set of $n$-element subsets of $C(\overline{K})$ that are invariant under $\text{Gal}(\overline{K}/K)$ and such that no two points in the set become identified modulo any prime $\mathfrak{p} \notin S$. Our main result establishes that $\Omega_n$ breaks into finitely many orbits under the action of $\text{Aut}_{\mathcal{O}_{K,S}}(\mathcal{C})$, generalizing finiteness theorems of Birch--Merriman, Siegel, and Faltings.