On the three laws of earthquake physics

Abstract

The paper provides a synoptic overview of a series of works carried out by a group of researchers at the Institute of Physics of the Earth RAS with the aim of finding new approaches to the problems of earthquake physics. The fundamental laws of Omori, Gutenberg-Richter and Bath have served as a constant support and reference point in the course of many years of research. The concept of the tectonic earthquake triad as a natural trinity of foreshocks, main shocks and aftershocks is used in the article to organise the thematic material. A classification of main shocks into six types of triads found in experience is given. The parameters appearing in the three laws for different types of triads are given. The axiomatic theory of the evolution of aftershocks is outlined. The concepts of source deactivation, Omori epoch and source bifurcation are introduced, and the notion of the proper time of unsteady lithospheric processes is introduced. Convergence of foreshocks and divergence of aftershocks are mentioned. The general conclusion is that the Omori, Gutenberg-Richter and Bath laws are reliable tools in the experimental and theoretical study of earthquakes. The laws have a depth of content that has been demonstrated by the ability to enrich the original formulations of the discoverers with interesting and important additional statements.