Perfect Secrecy in the Wild: A Characterization
Abstract
Alice wishes to reveal the state X to Bob, if he knows some other information Y also known to her. If Bob does not, she wishes to reveal nothing about X at all. When can Alice accomplish this? We provide a simple necessary and sufficient condition on the joint distribution of X and Y. Shannon's result on the perfect secrecy of the one-time pad follows as a special case.
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