Exploring the Frontiers of Cosmic Ray Physics: Perspectives on GRANDProto300 and the GRAND Project
Abstract
The Giant Radio Array for Neutrino Detection (GRAND) is an envisioned large-scale radio array designed to detect ultra-high-energy cosmic rays (UHECRs, E > 100 PeV) and neutrinos. Employing cost-effective antennas distributed across vast areas, GRAND is optimized to observe the rare flux of ultra-high-energy particles with high precision. The GRANDProto300 (GP300) pathfinder array, currently under deployment, targets the 1016.5 - 1018 eV range and is anticipated to achieve approximately 15\% energy resolution and 20g/cm2 Xmax precision. This level of precision enables accurate measurements of the fine structure of the energy spectrum, mean logarithmic mass ( A ), and proton flux within this range. After five years of data collection, the sensitivity for detecting anisotropy could reach 5 × 10-3 for energies below 1017.1 eV. With its substantially larger effective area, GRAND extends these capabilities to the highest energies ( 1020 eV), offering enhanced statistics and sensitivity for spectral, composition, and anisotropy measurements within one year for UHECRs.
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