Anisotropic magnetism of polymorphic ErAl3

Abstract

ErAl$_3$ can form in either a trigonal ($\alpha$) or cubic ($\beta$) polymorph and this paper investigates the physical properties of these polymorphs through characterizations of single crystals grown in an aluminum flux. We demonstrate that polymorph selection can be achieved based on the nominal composition of the crystal growth. Magnetic measurements confirm that both $\beta$-ErAl$_3$ and $\alpha$-ErAl$_3$ order antiferromagnetically at low temperatures. $\beta$-ErAl$_3$ undergoes AFM ordering at a N\'eel temperature T$_N$ = 5.1 K, and the transition is suppressed continually with applied field. $\alpha$-ErAl$_3$ displays more complex behavior, with successive magnetic transitions at T$_N$ = 5.7 K and T$_2$ = 4.6 K for zero field, where heat capacity and dilatometry measurements evidence that these transitions are second- and first-order, respectively. Under magnetic field, strong anisotropy is revealed in $\alpha$-ErAl$_3$, with several step-like metamagnetic transitions observed below T$_2$ for H$\parallel$c. These transitions produce sequential magnetization plateaus near one-half of the apparent saturation magnetization. The electrical resistivity of $\alpha$-ErAl$_3$ is strongly coupled to its magnetism. At $T$ = 2 K, we observe a positive magnetoresistance reaching 60\%, with distinct anomalies at the metamagnetic transitions. The results are summarized in $H$- $T$ phase diagrams that demonstrate complex magnetic behavior for $\alpha$-ErAl$_3$, suggesting an important role of competing interactions in this metallic system that possesses characteristics of Ising physics.