Trajectory-based models in strong-field physics

Abstract

We review various semiclassical models for strong-field physics. These semiclassical models employ ensembles of classical trajectories to simulate electron motion in the continuum after being released from an atom or molecule by an external laser field. We discuss different approaches to trajectory-based simulations and identify their advantages and shortcomings. We also review some of the recent applications of semiclassical models to the key strong-field phenomena: above-threshold ionization, high-order harmonic generation, nonsequential double ionization, and frustrated tunneling ionization.