Optimal Packetization Towards Low Latency in Random Access Networks (extended version)

Abstract

As the demand for low-latency services grows, ensuring the delay performance of random access (RA) networks has become a priority. Existing studies on the queueing delay of the Aloha model universally treat packets as atomic transmission units, focusing on delay measured in time slots. However, the impact of packetization on queueing delay has been overlooked, particularly for the mean queueing delay measured in seconds. Here, packetization refers to the process of determining the number of bits assembled into a packet. This paper establishes the mathematical relationship between packetization and mean queueing delay in seconds for connection-free and connection-based Aloha schemes, and explores the optimal packetization to minimize the queueing delay. We identify the optimal packetization and its corresponding minimum mean queueing delay via numerical methods, and analyze the influence of various network parameters. We further use simulations to investigate the impact of packetization on jitter of queueing delay. We then apply our analysis to re-evaluate the trade-off between the connection-free and connection-based schemes through the perspective of packetization. Furthermore, we apply the analysis to Random Access-Based Small Data Transmission (RA-SDT) in Non-Terrestrial Network (NTN) scenarios as a case study.