From Thermalization to Multifractality: Spin-Spin Correlation in Disordered $SU(2)$-Invariant 1D Heisenberg Spin Chains

Abstract

We investigate spin correlations in one-dimensional $SU(2)$-invariant Heisenberg chains with exchange disorder for spin lengths $S=1/2$ and $S=1$. In the weak-disorder regime, the eigenmodes of the spin-spin correlation matrix are delocalized, consistent with ergodic behavior. Under strong disorder, the system enters a quasi-localized multifractal phase characterized by exponentially decaying, dimer-like spin correlations. Finite-size scaling of the inverse participation ratios of the correlation-matrix eigenmodes yields a correlation dimension, $D_2\approx 0.37-0.39$, confirming the stability of a multifractal regime that is distinct from both the ergodic limit ($D_2=1$) and the fully localized limit ($D_2=0$).