Long-lived quasinormal modes in the Euler-Heisenberg electrodynamics

Abstract

Using the precise Leaver method and time-domain integration, we analyze the quasinormal modes and late-time behavior of massive neutral and charged scalar fields in the background of a charged, asymptotically flat black hole in the presence of Euler-Heisenberg nonlinear electrodynamics. We show that as the field mass increases, the damping rate decreases significantly, approaching arbitrarily long-lived states known as quasi-resonances. However, these modes cannot be identified in time-domain profiles due to the dominance of asymptotic tails in this regime, which decay slowly and exhibit oscillations with a power-law envelope. We observe that a larger field charge leads to a significantly higher quality factor, as it increases the oscillation frequency while reducing the damping rate.