Time-Optimal Control of Finite Dimensional Open Quantum Systems via a Model Predictive Strategy

Abstract

To mitigate dissipative effects from environmental interactions and efficiently stabilize quantum states, time-optimal control has emerged as an effective strategy for open quantum systems. This paper extends the framework by incorporating Positive Operator-Valued Measures (POVMs) into the control process, enabling quantum measurements to guide control updates at each step. To address uncertainties in measurement outcomes, we derive a lower bound on the probability of obtaining a desired outcome from POVM-based measurements and establish stability conditions that ensure a monotonic decrease in the cost function. The proposed method is applied to finite-level open quantum systems, and we also present a detailed analysis of two-level systems under depolarizing, phase-damping, and amplitude-damping channels. Numerical simulations validate the effectiveness of the strategy in preserving coherence and achieving high fidelity across diverse noise environments.