On a construction of stable maps from 3-manifolds into surfaces

Abstract

For any link in the $3$-sphere, we give a visual construction of a stable map $f$ from the $3$-sphere into the real plane enjoying the following properties; $f$ has no cusp point, the set of definite fold points of $f$ is isotopic to the given link and $f$ only has certain type of fibers containing two indefinite fold points. As a corollary, we obtain a similar stable map from every closed orientable $3$-manifold into the $2$-sphere.