On the Fermat-type partial differential-difference equations on $\mathbb{C}^n$

Abstract

Assume that $n$ is a positive integer, $p_{j}$ ($j=1,2, \cdots, 6)$ are polynomials, $p$ is an irreducible polynomial, and $f$ is an entire function on $\mathbb{C}^{n}.$ Let $ L(f)=\sum_{j=1}^s q_{t_j}f_{z_{t_j}}$ and $\overline{f}(z)=f(z_{1}+c_{1}, \ldots, z_{n}+c_{n})$, where $q_{t_j}$ ($j=1,2, \cdots, s\le n$) are non-zero polynomials on $\mathbb{C}^{n}$ and $c=(c_{1}, \ldots, c_{n})\in \mathbb{C}^{n}\setminus\{0\}$. We show the structures of all entire solutions to the non-linear partial differential-difference equation $$(p_{1} L(f)+p_{2}\overline{f}+p_5 f)^{2}+(p_{3}L(f)+p_{4}\overline{f}+p_6 f)^{2}=p.$$ The partial differential-difference equation is called a Fermat-type partial differential-difference equation (PDDE). Further, we find many sufficient conditions and/or necessary conditions for the existence, as well as the concrete representations, of entire solutions to the Fermat-type PDDE. We also demonstrate several examples on $\mathbb{C}^2$ with non-constant coefficients to verify that all representations in our theorems exist and are accurate and that the entire solutions to the Fermat-type PDDEs could have finite or infinite growth order. Our theorems unify and extend previous results (see, e.g., [2, 3, 10, 12, 32]).