Emergent Composite Particles from the Universal Exact Identities in Quantum Many-Body Systems with Generic Bilinear Interactions

Abstract

A fundamental challenge in quantum many-body physics is to understand the universal properties of strongly correlated systems. In this work, we establish a universal and exact identity from the Dyson-Schwinger equations within the Keldysh-Schwinger field theory for systems with generic bilinear interactions. Our derivation demonstrates the emergence of composite particles as "elementary excitations", whose Green's functions definitively determine the original single-particle Green's function. This universal relation uniquely identifies the composite particles governing correlations and rigorously connects their spectra to the observable single-particle spectrum. Thus, our exact identity reveals a new pathway toward a paradigm for understanding many-body correlated systems.