On a comprehensive review of a proof of L\"owner's theorem

Abstract

Recent studies in Kubo-Ando theory make frequent use of the relationship between Kubo-Ando connections and positive operator monotone functions. This relationship is deeply connected to L\"owner's theorem and our aim is to provide a comprehensive review of one of the proofs of L\"owner's theorem. Our motivation arises from the fact that the foundational components upon which the theorem rests are found within a variety of sources, rendering it difficult to obtain a complete understanding of the proof without engaging in substantial external consultation. By consolidating these elements into a single, continuous account, the proof becomes substantially more accessible and may be assimilated with greater clarity and efficiency.