The Microscopic Nature of Orbital Disorder in LaMnO$_{3}$

Abstract

We present a revised atomistic picture of the order-disorder transition in the archetypal orbital-ordered perovskite material, LaMnO$_{3}$. Our study uses machine-learning-driven molecular-dynamics simulations which describe the temperature evolution of pair distribution functions in close agreement with experiment. We find the orbital-disordered phase in LaMnO$_{3}$ to comprise a mixture of differing structural distortions with and without inversion symmetry, implying a mixture of different orbital arrangements. These distortions are highly dynamic with an estimated lifetime of $\sim 40$ fs at 1,000 K, and their fluctuations converge with the timescales of conventional thermal motion in the high-$T$ phase - indicating that the electronic instability responsible for static Jahn-Teller distortions at low temperature instead drives phonon anharmonicity at high temperatures. Beyond LaMnO$_{3}$, our work opens an avenue for studying a wider range of correlated materials.