A Polyhedral Perspective on the Perfect Matching Lattice

Abstract

We study the perfect matching lattice of a matching covered graph $G$, generated by the incidence vectors of its perfect matchings. Building on results of Lov\'asz and de Carvalho, Lucchesi, and Murty, we give a polynomial-time algorithm based on polyhedral methods that constructs a lattice basis for this lattice consisting of perfect matchings of $G$. By decomposing along certain odd cuts, we reduce the graph into subgraphs whose perfect matching polytopes coincide with their bipartite relaxations (known as \emph{Birkhoff von Neumann graphs}). This yields a constructive polyhedral proof of the existence of such bases and highlights new connections between combinatorial and geometric properties of perfect matchings.