Universal two-stage dynamics and phase control in skyrmion formation
Abstract
We uncover a universal two-stage dynamics during skyrmion formation and establish its connection to equilibrium phases through the introduction of a chiral correlation . Stage I involves stripe coarsening governed by the exchange-to-DMI ratio J', while stage II entails stripe contraction driven by the synergy between J' and the anisotropy-to-DMI ratio K'. The magnetic field-to-DMI ratio B' influences both stages. By combining symbolic regression with neural networks, we model the competition and cooperation among these parameters and derive a skyrmion formation criterion, 0.58 K'J' + μ B'J' > 1. Our model disentangles their distinct roles: J' sets the stripe width, K' primarily controls the skyrmion size, and B' strongly affects the topological charge. This approach provides a general framework for predicting and controlling magnetic phases in chiral magnets.
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