Quasi-Periodic Oscillations and Parameter Constraints in ModMax Black Holes

Abstract

We analyze the impact of ModMax parameter on the dynamics of test particles around black holes and its effect on the characteristics of Quasi-Periodic Oscillations (QPOs). The effect of the ModMax parameter $\eta$ is studied using the effective potential, angular momentum and the energy of the circular orbits of the test particles. Our analysis shows that increasing $\eta$ brings about a continuous transition from the RN regime toward the Schwarzschild limit, accompanied by noticeable modifications in the Innermost Stable Circular Orbit (ISCO) and the corresponding Keplerian frequencies. We also explore the dependence of QPO radii on the ModMax parameter $\eta$ within the framework of the PR, RP, WD, and ER models. Finally, to place observational constraints, we perform a Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) analysis using QPO data from a range of black hole sources spanning stellar-mass, intermediate-mass, and supermassive scales.