On Fractional Anisotropic Musielak-Sobolev Spaces with Applications to Nonlocal Eigenvalue Problems

Abstract

In this paper, we introduce and study a new class of fractional modular function spaces, called \emph{Fractional Anisotropic Musielak--Sobolev Spaces}, which generalize both the fractional Anisotropic Orlicz--Sobolev spaces and the Anisotropic fractional Sobolev spaces with variable exponent. These spaces are designed to handle anisotropic and heterogeneous behaviors that naturally arise in nonlocal and nonlinear models. We develop their fundamental properties and embedding results, establishing a solid variational framework. As an application, we investigate a class of nonlocal anisotropic eigenvalue problems involving variable growth and direction-dependent fractional integro-differential operators. We prove the existence of eigenvalues by means of critical point theory and modular analysis. Our results extend and unify several existing models in the theory of nonlocal partial differential equations.