On Gauge-Invariant Entire-Function Regulators and UV Finiteness in NonLocal Quantum Field Theory

Abstract

In this paper we clarify the status of gauge invariant entire function regulators in NonLocal Quantum Field Theory, in this the regulator is implemented as an entire function of the covariant Laplace--Beltrami operator. Working in the background-field formalism and expanding around flat, trivial backgrounds, we show that plane waves diagonalize the d'Alembertian so that the entire function reduces to a multiplicative form factor in Minkowski momentum space. After Wick rotation to the Euclidean axis, this produces exponential ultraviolet damping in loop integrals without introducing additional poles or branch cuts. Our analysis provides a gauge covariant justification for the use of entire function regulators in nonlocal quantum field theory.